Thailand

Active conflict. Regional Muslim insurgents against the Buddhist Thai culture and government.

Attacks on the symbols of the majority Buddhist state by Muslim separatists in the far south of Thailand, in Pattani, Yala and Narathiwat states (next to the Malaysia border), especially since 2004. The conflict is over poverty, neglect of the region, discrimination against Muslims by majority Buddhists, Thai moral permissiveness and demands for autonomy by the small southern Muslim states. The conflict could escalate and attract international Islamic extremists. More than 2,700 killed. The Thaksin government (up to 2006) responded with force, ramping up the conflict. The conflict has since decreased, but inaction by the government has led to increasing restiveness.

Links:

Reuters Alertnet: Thailand
Wikipedia: South Thailand insurgency