Balkans: Bosnia

Concluded 1995. Much longterm damage. Civil war with foreign military interventions. Low likelihood of re-ignition.
 
Bosnia was historically a multi-ethnic province shared by Muslim Slavs (Bosniaks), Catholic Croats and Orthodox Serbs. After a referendum on Bosnian independence in 1992, Serbia backed the separatist Bosnian Serbs - Sarajevo was shelled, areas ethnically cleansed, massacres, relief workers attacked, concentration camps used. Europe’s worst refugee crisis since WW2.
 
Fierce three-way fighting 1992-94. In 1994 Croats and Muslims made a truce and federated, agreeing to an internationally-proposed division of Bosnia, but fighting didn’t stop.
 
Massacres by Serbs in 1994-95 in Sarajevo, Srebrenica and other Muslim 'safe havens', with blocking of aid convoys. By Sept 1995 the Muslims and Croats prevailed, reducing Serb-held territory to half of Bosnia. Some Arab jihadi involvement on the Bosniak side. NATO intervention 1995.
 
Dayton Accords in Dec 1995 ended the war, after 250,000 deaths and 3m refugees. Occupation by 60,000 NATO troops (IFOR). Bosnia now has an uneasy peace, divided in two - independent but under international supervision.

LINKS:

Friends of Bosnia
OneWorld: Bosnia
Wikipedia: Bosnia War
OnWar: Bosnia
New Internationalist: Bosnia