Sri Lanka

Ongoing intense conflict since 1983 between Singalese Buddhists and Tamil Hindus.
 
Historical origins: after independence from Britain in 1948, Buddhist Sinhalese asserted dominance over the Hindu Tamil minority of the north, even banning the Tamil language. Starting in 1983 after constitutional changes disfavouring the Tamils, this conflict has killed 70,000 people and displaced 800,000, with 1m landmines laid.
 
Its roots lie in the Tamil experience of oppression and discrimination by the Sinhalese Buddhist majority and government. The Tamil Tigers seek a separate state in the north. Massacres, abductions and torture by both sides, with Tamil use of child soldiers. Failed Indian peacekeeping mission in 1987-90. Failed peace talks 1994, failed ceasefire 2002-06. Conflict ongoing and bloody.
 

Links:

New Internationalist Country Profiles: Sri Lanka
Wikipedia: Sri Lankan Civil War
Reuters Alernet: Sri Lanka