Bolivia

Political and regional conflict between the indigenous majority and Latino and foreign influences.
 
Bolivia has always been divided between the poorer, mountainous west, with its indigenous majority (Quechua and Aymara), and the more prosperous eastern region of Santa Cruz, dominated by Latino landowners. This originated in the inequalities and foreign domination arising from the policies of Latino regimes, and in divisions exacerbated by the US War on Drugs against coca-production.
 
By 2005 indigenous frustration against Latino rule resulted in the election of Evo Morales, an Aymara coca-grower and labour leader, whose policies have favoured indigenous peoples and opposed foreign influences and adverse terms of trade in multinational corporate exploitation of Bolivia’s resources. This aroused the resistance of the richer Latino province of Santa Cruz (with mineral wealth and ranching), leading to the risk of secession.
 
National polarisation and social crisis, with a risk of conflict. This is fundamentally a schism based in belief and worldview, between native beliefs and Catholic Latino culture.

Links:

Wikipedia: Bolivia
BBC Country Profiles: Bolivia